Cyber Bullying - A Growing Problem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 667 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Bullying Essay Cyber Bullying Essay Did you like this example? There has been an immense uprise in online bullying. You have probably noticed this, but why has the amount spiked so much in recent years, and why is it so popular on social media sites? And for the people getting bullied, a massive effect that comes from this is depression which can lead to much worse. We can help end cyberbullying. People choose to abuse these sites and bully, and that percentage of people is increasing, but there are ways to protect yourself from this. To start with, let’s define what social media sites are supposed to be used for. On these sites people are supposed to share things with friends, find recipes, research, watch entertainment, discover some great places to eat, and etcetera. These are things that people do all the time and social media sites make that a lot easier, but what happens when people misuse them and don’t use it for things that can help them out? And instead, bully? Thats when we start to have a problem. People do things like comment on a picture saying hurtful things like, â€Å"You’re so ugly!† or even, â€Å"Kill yourself.† If you read enough of those comments you start to believe it. The rate of bullying in school ranges from 9% to 98% among different studies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cyber Bullying A Growing Problem" essay for you Create order That goes to show that among those many studies there hasn’t been a percentage lower than 9% which in itself is a huge problem but what if we add in that the average for traditional bullying is 35% and the average for cyberbullying is 15% and now that use of social media is increasing, what else will go along with that? More cases of cyberbullying in schools. Now, lets understand why this is such a huge problem and a tremendous factor would be the effects of being bullied. The first one would be things like they can’t sleep which would affect focus in school because they are thinking about what had happened which leads to anxiety, then depression. Cyberbullying doesn’t just take a toll on mental health but physical health too, such as headaches and stomach aches. If the bullying is bad enough that could push the person into deep depression which can lead to suicide. And the problem is worse in middle school because the average of students being bullied is 24%. What about why the amount of Cyberbullying has increased while the person being bullied doesn’t know who the person bullying them is half the time! Which means they are less likely to be caught and is a â€Å"Better choice† for the bully. More advances are happening in social media websites. Technology is way more accessible now. Its also becoming a top priority so kids can call their parents, contact people, and chat with friends. They can also research and look up things. All they have to do is reach into their pocket and grab their phone, and they can do all of that. Plus with online websites or apps you can make a fake identity or just keep yours unknown. People usually bully on pictures of the person and can hide their identity. A lot more people have been using it, and studies show that social media sites can improve grades. But with all of that how can you help the bullying come to a halt†¦ stand up to them! Screenshot what you can of the bullying and report it. Always help the kid person being bullied, hang out with them. But of course how can you protect yourself from cyberbullying? First, don’t post anything that will embarrass anyone and always be kind. Try to be aware of who is seeing your posts. Keep your password secret. Make sure your parents know what you’re doing. And if you are getting bullied just report it. After reading this, hopefully you learned what the cyberbullying is, what the effects from it is, how you can help stop bullying, and of course how to protect yourself from cyberbullying.

Htp Essay - 745 Words

1. Start up your web browser. 2. Start up the Wireshark packet sniffer, as described in the Introductory lab (but don’t yet begin packet capture). Enter â€Å"http† (just the letters, not the quotation marks) in the display-filter-specification window, so that only captured HTTP messages will be displayed later in the packet-listing window. (We’re only interested in the HTTP protocol here, and don’t want to see the clutter of all captured packets). 3. Wait a bit more than one minute (we’ll see why shortly), and then begin Wireshark packet capture. 4. Enter the following to your browser http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark-labs/HTTP-wireshark-file1.html Your browser should display the very simple, one-line HTML file. 5. Stop Wireshark†¦show more content†¦Do you see an â€Å"IF-MODIFIED-SINCE:† line in the HTTP GET? If so, what information follows the â€Å"IF-MODIFIED-SINCE:† header? A) Yes,The last modification date is: If-Modified-Since: Sun, 24 Sep 2017 05:59:01 GMT\r\n which was from the previous request. 11. What is the HTTP status code and phrase returned from the server in response to this second HTTP GET? Did the server explicitly return the contents of the file? Explain. A)The HTTP status code and phrase returned from the server: HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified. The server dint return anything for the second time. 12. How many HTTP GET request messages did your browser send? Which packet number in the trace contains the GET message for the Bill or Rights? A) [HTTP request 1/1].The packet number is 28 that traces the GET message for the Bill or Rights. 13. Which packet number in the trace contains the status code and phrase associated with the response to the HTTP GET request? A)The packet number is 32 that contains the status code and phrase associated with the response to the HTTP GET request. 14. What is the status code and phrase in the response? A)304 is the status code Not Modified is the phrase in the response. 15. How many data-containing TCP segments were needed to carry the single HTTP response and the text of the Bill of Rights? A)234,237,239 16. How many HTTP GET request messages did your browser send? To which Internet addresses were these GET requests sent? A)3 HTTP requestsShow MoreRelatedHtp Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesWeb pages make up most of the internet. These documents are written in HTML (hypertext markup language) and are translated by your Web browser. Web pages are made up using text editors like Notepad, WordPad and VI. Language in web page constructing talks about HTML and based that lets you declare a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a method used to transfer information on the internet andRead MoreSociety Wasn’t Built In a Day: Societal Structure in The Age of Innocence.1328 Words   |  5 Pagesof uniformity in architecture depending on the class in which a person belongs as well as higher moral and formal standards including showing incredible etiquette and adhering to countless traditions and formalities, as have been discussed in this essay. Every society that has existed over the course of history, whether the society be that of Medieval Europe and its feudal system, or the society depicted in The Age of Innocence, has had a foundation on which its system of beliefs and customs wereRead MoreThe Struggles Of Immigration During The United States2707 Words   |  11 Pagescontinues to be a problem that has yet to be resolved to this day. Everyday there are people being separated from their families. It affects millions of families. It would be easier to have immig rants already in the U.S to have legal status. This essay will be discussing how immigration impacts the U.S. economy, driving safety, education, health care, and will also share personal experiences from an immigrant living in the U.S. In an article from the social contract press by Nancy Boulton statedRead MoreGlobal Strategy of Tesco5371 Words   |  22 PagesBrazil, Indonesia and Thailand find pronounced differences in consumer testes, buying behaviour and spending. Many retailers have tied and failed to establish themselves into Global markets. This pat of essay will assist in understanding and the formulation of global strategy for Tesco Pic. The essay will use Poter 5 force, Poter Diamond strategy, poter generic and PLC model analysis to provide an insight into Tesco s situation in the international market. This will help management in making to correctRead MoreStreet Children17655 Words   |  71 PagesSCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES ASSESSMENT ON CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCE OF STREETISM IN WOLITA SODDO TOWN Advisor Asefa melka BY SEIFU DEJENE A SENIOR ESSAY PRESENTED TO DILLA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCINCE AND HUMANITIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR BACHELOR DEGREE IN SOCIOLOGY JUNE 2012

Corporate EntrepreneurshiP and Human Resource Management Business Essay Example For Students

Corporate EntrepreneurshiP and Human Resource Management Business Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Corporate EntrepreneurshiP and Human Resource Management3 HRM patterns furthering CE inside the company4 Decisions5 Literature: Introduction Today s economic system is sing its ups and downs really rapidly: lifting fight and fast altering engineerings create force per unit area to the companies that want to remain at the top of their markets. This is non traveling to decelerate down, so the demand for tools of success is originating. At the same clip we are traveling off from the Morris and Kuratko ( 2002 ) belief that enterprisers are born, non made . That is why the wanting, believing, trusting, be aftering must be followed by making. As already Confucius said: When it is obvious that the ends can non be reached, do nt set the ends, adjust the action stairss . It is clip for action and one signifier of it that suits different concerns presents is Corporate Entrepreneurship ( CE ) . As it was stated by Sharma and Chrisman ( 1999 ) , corporate entrepreneurship is the procedure whereby an person or group of persons, in association with an bing organisation, make a new organisation or incite reclamation or invention within that organisation . There are tonss of definitions for CE presents, but all of them do non alter the fact that CE is a tool for distinction and competitory advantage in today s economic system. In order to do a spell of this phenomenon, organisations have to develop their schemes how to implement the entrepreneurial spirit in the mundane patterns. In this manner corporate entrepreneurship self-generated or induced by the company itself will be non rare and unexpected, but in contrary, go a tool of get the better ofing inside issues, every bit good as external force per unit areas. Corporate EntrepreneurshiP and Human Resource Management A batch of researches, surveies were conducted in order to detect the inevitable truth that CE positively affects the public presentation of a company: it creates competitory advantages, helps to distinguish, accommodate to new or rapidly altering markets, and trade with external and internal challenges. As CE is seen as a many-sided tool, the strength of CE in an organisation can be described by five different dimensions identified in a meta-analysis by Saly ( 2001 ) : innovativeness, hazard leaning, proactiveness, corporate venturing and self-renewal. When making an organisational construction, every bit good as inside civilization, these dimensions should be a graduated table mensurating the future success of a company. Covering with the globalisation and fast moving alterations, a company must take hazards, be proactive and strive for invention. Fostering these traits, accommodating to the environment ( self-renewal ) and furthering creative activity of something valuable that ge nerates returns are CE cardinal success factors in the economic system of today. Of class no CE can be fostered without Human Capital ( HC ) . In order to go an advanced, entrepreneurial organisation needs the cognition, accomplishments, see the HC can supply. This is why HC should be one of the most of import and valuable assets for every organisation. Investing in HC should be a first measure towards edifice and promoting the entrepreneurial way of the overall company. As from the employee-organization dealingss ( EOR ) literature ( Rhoades and Eisenberger, 2002 ) , the strongest influencers of employee affect are the organisation s leaders. Their Human Recourse Management ( HRM ) patterns can valuably lend to effectual sweetening of CE. Different HRM techniques can make a suited inside civilization for an organisation to go advanced, flexible and more entrepreneurial. Each HRM pattern can be addressed to different employee features and in this manner design the employee-organization relationships towards a corporate entrepreneurial coaction. Therefore EOR strengthened with HRM pattern can go an efficient tool for making a corporate entrepreneurial atmosphere inside any organisation. As organisations nowadays go living entities, plunging into the tendency of organisational acquisition, there is less fear that it will develop a scheme and go dead. That is why the HRM patterns besides evolve during the life of a company. Introducing new undertakings, reclamation of the staff with different KSAOs ( cognition, accomplishments, abilities and other features ) needed at the clip, apportioning resources needed for development and inside larning all this organisational support is now more a necessity than luxury. So, understanding that without a learning attitude and preparedness to alter harmonizing the state of affairs, any HRM patterns will non be able to act upon the company s corporate entrepreneurship degree, is critical. Following the thought of George Bernard Shaw: aˆzProgress is impossible without alteration, and those who can non alter their heads can non alter anything . HRM patterns furthering CE inside the company HRM patterns should be an of import driver of CE because it involves organisational larning driven by coaction, creativeness, and single committedness ( Kaya, 2006 ) . To further CE in a company the first undertaking is the set up of internal civilization and environment ( surveies show at that place have to be available resources, direction support and a dependable organisational construction right at the beginning in order for a company could get down entrepreneurial activities ) . Following different surveies conducted on the subject of CE and HRM patterns, how to set up a suited internal environment for intrapreneurship seems to be based on these organisational arrangements/managerial tools: Staff choice the aim of staff choice is to organize an appropriate resource base of HC to further entrepreneurial activity. As the HC of any company is one of the most of import facilitators of CE, selective hiring can be a tool for act uponing the CE degree. The choice standards should suit the organisations civilization, be in line with the CE dimensions and reflect the demands of the company. During the procedure of choosing staff it is good to believe about the accomplishments needed in the industry the company operates, how the employees could work together and make a encephalon trust. Stressing the squad spirit is really of import, because the prominence of corporate entrepreneurship is turning. New members should hold new thoughts and complement the staff by being different and experts of their ain sphere. New direction staff should hold relevant KSAOs, be originative, strive for action and be supportive. Finally, a possibility to turn in one s ain calling should besides be seen during this procedure, because it will function as a motive tool and Foster better environment in the company. Management support the positive attitude every bit good as encouragement of the higher hierarchy degrees of the company for bring forthing and developing new concern thoughts. Management support is of import because it indicates the willingness of the directors to ease, advance and commit the entrepreneurial spirit and activity within the organisation s system and procedures ( Hornsby et al. , 2002 ) which would promote the intrapreneurs to prosecute in advanced undertakings. If the organisation provides support and some liberty it can so number on the committedness coming from employees. Still organizing the usage of resources, lending to the fulfilment of the separate single suggestions or attempts will stop up with an addition of overall efficiency. Management support for job resolution and struggle declaration in the intrapreneurship procedure is required in the thought coevals, development, and peculiarly execution ( executing ) phases of the thoughts ( Damanpour, 1991 ) . This will positively act upon a corporation s entrepreneurial behaviour and heighten possible intrapreneurs perceived trustiness to their corporations in footings of observing chances and willingness to develop novel or utile thoughts, and/ or undertakings, and to take hazards to realize them ( Stevenson and Jarillo, 1990 ) . Internal supportive environment, tolerance for hazard taking to their intrapreneurs, and a high quality HC will lend to the advanced public presentation. In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists EssayFor effectual preparation, plans should suit the company s scheme and work procedure. To blossom their full consequence on CE, expert cognition, societal competency, creativeness, and methodical expertness are particularly of import to be considered. Specialist assignment specializers can expect and gauge specific jobs earlier and therefore place demands for alterations more rapidly. As CE is more frequently seen as a corporate procedure, alternatively of seting the accent on one person, houses must promote cooperation among specializers to increase successful invention processes. This is stressed because as environment impacts on organisational behaviours it is besides seen in alteration of relationships between employees and employer or directors inside the organisation. In order to go competitory and advanced, houses have to follow new schemes, every bit good as different employee-organization relationship ( EOR ) patterns. The importance of this is significantly turning, because corporate entrepreneurship involves non merely merchandise invention, hazard pickings or proactive responses to environmental forces, but besides organisational acquisition, driven by coaction and committedness. Here the coaction of specializers could be seen as a nexus between employees, directors and their possible to further corporate entrepreneurship together. As it can be observed in the Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG ( SNI ) , a company that confronted fiscal and inside environment jobs with a plan called Change Agent Program , managerial support, concentrated staff choice and employee preparation and development are the tools that foster corporate entrepreneurship spirit and aid to get the better of the downswing a company can see. The Change Agent plan looked to replace Siemens Nixdorf s stiff corporate hierarchy with a more flexible and entrepreneurial attitude that would be more antiphonal to market demands. The company operated in a really competitory European market, was undermanaged and over consulted. As the employees at SNI experienced restructuring at the company during the early 1990s and four old ages of losingss, the inside civilization was far off from a company one could name advanced and lead thought ( as the 1s runing in IT industry in US ) . The plan though was focused on employees, stressing the importance of the people at the company and spread outing the chances open to them. The end of the 13 hebdomad plan was to construct an apprehension of concern basicss and concern alteration along three dimensions: client, fight and civilization. It combined presentations, treatments, workshops, instance surveies, best pattern site visits, internships, and manager research. An of import end was to supply participants with new positions about their undertakings and give them the know-how to implement them upon return to the company. The plans aimed to hold the patrons ( each member had two of them ) provide leading, counsel and support in order to assist them accomplish their undertaking ends. This is besides an illustration that specializers aid is a tool furthering corporate entrepreneurship and bettering the employees input. It was besides taking to assist happen advanced ways to near and implement their undertakings. Each participant of the plan had a undertaking drawn from the country that concludes the most of import challenges the company faces which were fostered by the plan and implemented upon the employee s return to SNI. Although the 21 Change Agents had changing grades of success, it was clear that they played a function in driving SNI to profitableness in the 1994 1995 financial twelvemonth ( for the first clip in the company s history ) . That was reflected in the determination by the SNI Executive Board to perpetuate the Program on an one-year footing. Such preparation and development plans foster corporate and single entrepreneurship inside the company. This illustration shows how of import it is that such tools would suit the purpose and scheme of the whole company. By turn toing the right jobs, developing the right people ( at SNI they were exhaustively selected ) this preparation plan helped the company to heighten the communicating within the company, better its international operations, flexibleness and find new possible waies. The employees felt the more entrepreneurial spirit of the company s civilization and were able to impart their enthusiasm for alterations and revival, experience more duty, and back up what opened the ways for their undertakings. Decisions Having the end of being seeable, active in today s planetary economic system requires established companies to go more and more entrepreneurial in order to manage uncertainness and environmental dynamism. As the importance of CE is turning, more bookmans are interested to specify the particular tools that aid to make and profit from the CE inside the company. Different surveies provide positive relationships between HRM patterns and CE. As cognizing the importance of qualified HC, so the direction patterns become a beginning of sustained competitory advantage for organisations. CE-related HR patterns are alone to the extent that rivals can non copy them. Nevertheless the support from HR patterns must be in line with that peculiar organisational civilization and consistent with what is needed from employees. Sing the combined effects of all the OS factors, managerial support and tolerance for hazard pickings have still exerted important effects on innovativeness. That is why houses should put to construct such an organisational environment where foremost, support and tolerance exist to a big extent. On the other side, organisations should pass more clip on recruiting and preparation directors to be supportive and keep a doctrine that failure is a stepping-stone to success. As seen, HRM patterns play a important function in furthering and keeping high degrees of CE. Having a CE-friendly environment, companies should concentrate on the HRM patterns of staff choice, staff development and preparation, and staff wagess that align employee motive and entrepreneurial house development. These patterns show the highest correlativity with advanced results and positive CE consequences. Learning from the antecedently discussed existent life illustrations it is obvious that CE is a complex phenomena to manage for different organisations. But the decision, that corporate entrepreneurship is a success factor in today s heavy economic system, stays the same. In order to further the entrepreneurial civilization inside the company it is of import to keep the focal point on all possible beginnings and accommodate the HRM patterns to utilize them beneficially. Literature: Employee-organization relationship in corporate entrepreneurship: an overview. Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano, A David Urbano.A Journal of Organizational Change Management.A Bradford:2010.A Vol. 23, A Iss. 4, A p. 349-359 Hiking corporate entrepreneurship through HRM patterns: Evidence from German SMEs. Ralf Schmelter, A RenE Mauer, A Christiane BE† rsch, A Malte Brettel.A Human Resource Management.A Hoboken: Jul/Aug 2010.A Vol. 49, A Iss. 4, A P. Organizational support for intrapreneurship and its interaction with HC to heighten advanced public presentation. Lutfihak Alpkan, A Cagri Bulut, A Gurhan Gunday, A Gunduz Ulusoy, A Kemal Kilic.A Management Decision.A London:2010.A Vol. 48, A Iss. 5, A p. 732-755 L.A. Hill, N.A. Kamprath and M.B. Conrad ( 1992 ) , Joline Godfrey and the Polaroid Corporation ( A ) , Harvard Business School Case, 9aˆ?492aˆ?037. Chesbrough, H.W. and Massaro, A. ( 2001 ) Aglow Technologies: The Future of the New entures Group, Harvard Business School Case, 9aˆ?601aˆ?102: 1aˆ?19. Bartlett, C.A. and Mohammed, A. ( 1995 ) 3M: Profile of an innovating company, Harvard Business School Case, 9aˆ?395aˆ?016: 1aˆ?20. Kanter, R.M. , McGuire, J.F. and Mohammed, A. ( 1997 ) The Change Agent Program at Siemens Nixdorf, Harvard Business School Case, 9aˆ?396aˆ?203: 1aˆ?17.

Luke Skywalker Typical Hero Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Luke Skywalker- Typical Hero Essay, Research Paper Rebecca Mitcham Mrs. Sleek Senior English 24 July 1999 Luke Skywalker- Typical Hero ? I want to come with you to Alderaan. There # 8217 ; s nil here for me now. I want to larn the ways of the Force and go a Jedi like my father. ? With this statement, Luke Skywalker is already on his manner towards a narrative that is both familiar and different to all heroes. He identifies with several reoccurring traits that many heroes are cast with. Luke is estranged from his natural parents and, as he gets older, finds himself dying to draw away from his loving surrogate parents and go a adult male of his ain. After Luke? s Foster parents are killed, he decides to assist former Jedi warrior, Obi Wan Kenobi, aid the Rebel Alliance in reconstructing freedom to the galaxy, to larn the ways of the Force, and go a Jedi. We will write a custom essay sample on Luke Skywalker Typical Hero Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Odi Wan becomes Luke? s instructor and is subsequently replaced by Yoda, who has trained Jedi warriors for eight hundred old ages. Many heroes have to get the better of a threshold defender. In Luke Skywalker? s instance, Darth Vador is that threshold defender. When the Rebels are seeking to destruct the decease star, Luke is faced with the trouble of taking between swearing the Force or a machine to assist him dodge Darth Vador? s optical maser blasts. Han Solo and his buddy, Chewbacca, play a function in assisting Luke here. They surprisingly reappear in their drug addict plagiarist ship and hit down one of Vador? s wingmen. Vador? s other wingman is startled by the oncoming ship and swerves into Darth Vador? s ship damaging one of his wings and directing him whirling out into infinite. Skywalker? s existent preparation Begins after the death of the D eath Star when he goes to the Dagobah system to be trained by Yoda. Here, Luke travel? s into the Star Wars version of a Hell, a topographic point where both sides of the Force exist. Although it isn? t specified how long Luke is in the Dagobah system, but it appears to be three yearss. On his 2nd twenty-four hours, Yoda instructs Luke to travel into a cave where the dark side of the force is particularly strong. Inside, Luke is put to the trial mentally when Darth Vador emerges from the darkness. They partake in a light sabre battle and Luke pieces off Vador? s caput. The mask clefts unfastened and reveals Luke? s face. I is an highly lurid experience for Luke and it besides foreshadows Luke Skywalker? s beginnings. Another accomplishment Luke learns is how to see the hereafter, to an extent. On his 3rd twenty-four hours in the Dagobah system, Luke has a vision of his two friends in hurting. Traveling against Yoda? s resistances, he rushes off to salvage his friends. After happening them, he shortly finds out that it is a trap. Darth Vador traps him and Luke finds that this conflict will non be as easy with the existent Vador. In the terminal, Luke escapes from Vador with one less manus and his rawness shows when Leia and Lando rescue him from falling to his decease. This is one of many tests that Luke has to face. Finally, Luke and the Rebel Alliance meet their end. The Emperor has been killed and the galaxy is free, but Luke achieved another end. He succeeded in salvaging his male parent, Darth Vador, from the Dark Side. At the terminal of Luke? s narrative, at a party with Han Solo, Chewbacca, Leia, and other members of the Rebel Alliance, Luke pulls to the side to see something no 1 else is able to see. Obi Wan, Yoda, and his male parent are smiling back at him and he is everlastingly changed by his experiences, like all true heroes.

Scope of Financial Management free essay sample

Financial Management can be defined as:The management of the finances of a business / organisation in order to achieve financial objectives. Taking a commercial business as the most common organisational structure, the key objectives of financial management would be tocreate wealth for the business ,generate cash, andprovide an adequate return on investment bearing in mind the risks that the business is taking and the resources invested. There are three key elements to the process of financial management: Financial Planning Financial Control Financial Decision-making Meaning and Defination Meaning of Financial Management Financial Management is that specialised function of general management which is related to the procurement of finance and its effective utilisation for the achievement of common goal of the organisation. It includes each and every aspect of financial activity in the business. Financial Management has been defined differently by different scholars. A few of the definitions are being reproduced below:- â€Å"Financial Management is an area of financial decision making harmonizing individual motives and enterprise goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Scope of Financial Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †- Weston and Brigam. Financial Management is the application of the planning and control functions to the finance function. †- Howard and Upton. â€Å"Financial Management is the operational activity of a business that is responsible for obtaining and effectively, utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operations. †- Joseph and Massie. From the above definitions, it is clear that financial management is that specialised activity which is responsible for obtaining and affectively utilizing the funds for the efficient functioning of the business and, therefor, it includes financial planning, financial administration and financial control. According to me, â€Å" Financial Management is a system in which rotate planning , control and decision making. †-chudasama sulochanaba Objectives of Finance Function For optimum financial decisions, the objectives of financial management shall be clearly defined. They should be so laid down that they contribute directly towards the achievement of overall business objectives. Objectives provide a normative framework within which a firm is to take decisions. Financing is the functional area of objective of the business and contribute directly towards it. The main objectives of a business are survival and growth. In order to survive ups and downs in the business, the business must earn sufficient profits and it should also maintain proper relations with shareholders, customers, suppliers and other social groups. The financial management of an organisation must seek to achieve the following objectives: †¢To ensure adequate and regular supply of funds. †¢To provide a fair rate of return to the suppliers of capital viz. shareholders. †¢To ensure effective utilization of funds by maintaining proper balance between profitability, liquidity and safety. to generate and build up sufficient surplus for expansion and growth through ploughing back of profits. †¢To minimize cost of capital by developing a sound capital between various securities issued by the company. †¢To coordinate the activities of the finance department with the activities of other departments in the organisation. Scope of Functions of Financial Manag ement The finance department of an enterprise performs several functions in order to achieve the above objectives. The scope of finance function is very wide. It consists of the following activities: 1. Estimating the Requirement of Funds :- The finance department must estimate the capital requirements of the firm accurately for long term and short term needs. In estimating the capital requirements of the business, the finance department must take help of the budgets of various activities of the business e. g. sales budget, production budget, expenses budget etc. prepared by the concerned departments. In the initial stage, the estimate is done by promoters but in a growing concern, it is done by the finance department. Unless the financial forecast is correct, business is likely to run into difficulties due to excess or shortage of funds. Correct estimates ensure the availability of funds as and when they are needed. In estimating the requirement of funds, nature and size of the business, modernization and expansion plan should be given due consideration. 2. Determining the Capital Structure :- By capital structure we mean the kind and proportion of different securities for raising the required funds. Once the total requirement of funds is etermined, a decision regarding the type of securities to be issued and the relative proportion between them is to be taken. The finance department must determine the proper mix of debt and equity. It should also decide the ratio between long term and short term debts. In determining these ratios, cost of raising finance from different sources, period for which funds are required and several other factors should be considered. A proper balance between risk and re turns should be maintained. Choice of Sources of Finance:- A company can raise funds from different sources e. g. hareholders, debenture holders, banks, financial institutions, public deposits etc. Before raising the funds, it has to decide the source from which the funds are to be raised. The choice of the source of finance should be made very carefully by taking a number of factors into account such as cost of raising funds, conditions attached, charge on assets, burden of fixed charges, dilution of ownership and control etc. For example, if the company does not want to dilute the ownership, it will depend on any source of finance other than investment in shares. 4. Investment of Funds:- The funds raised from different sources should be prudently invested in various assets -short term as well as long term to optimize the return on investment. In taking decisions for the investment of long term funds, a careful assessment of various alternatives should be made through capital budgeting, opportunity cost analysis and many other techniques used to evaluate the investment proposals. A part of the long term funds should be invested in working capital of the company. While taking decision for the investment of funds in long term assets, management should be guided by three basic principles, viz. afety, profitability and liquidity. In taking decisions for the investment of funds in working capital, the finance manager must seek cooperation of marketing and production departments in estimating the funds which are to be involved in carrying of inventories in finished product and credit policy of the marketing department and in raw material and factory supplies of the production department. 5. Management of Cash:- It is the prime responsibility of the finance manager to see that an adequate supply of cash is available at proper time for the smooth running of the business. Cash is needed to purchase raw materials, pay off creditors, to pay to workers and to meet the day to day expenses of the business. Availability of cash is necessary to maintain liquidity and credit- worthiness of the business. Excess cash must be avoided as it costs money. It there is any cash in excess, it should be invested in near cash assets such as investments etc. which may be converted into cash within no time. A cash flow statement should be prepared by the department to know the correct need of cash is essential to achieve the goal of profitability and liquidity. The finance manager should decide in advance how much cash he should retain to meet current obligations of the company. 6. Disposal of Surplus:- One of the prime function of the finance department is to allocate the surplus. After paying all taxes, the available surplus of the business can be allocated for three purposes -(a) for paying dividend to the shareholders as a return on their investment, (b) for distributing bonus to workmen and companys contribution to other profit sharing plans, and (c) for ploughing back of profits for the expansion of business. As far as the second alternative is concerned, the amount to be paid to workers is generally fixed either by statute or by agreement and therefore, there is no problem in allocating surplus for this purpose. But a considerable, attention is to be paid in so far as first and third alternatives are concerned i. e. , how much to be paid to shareholders as dividend and how much to be retained in the business. For this purpose factors like the trend of the earning of the company, trend of the market price of its shares; the requirement of funds for the purpose of expansion and future prospects should be considered. . Financial Controls:- The financial manager is under an obligation to check the financial performance of the funds invested in the business. There are a number of techniques to evaluate the performance viz. Return on Investment (ROI), budgetary control, cost control, internal audit, ratio analysis and break-even point analysis. The financial manager must lay emphasis on financ ial planning as well. Importance of financian management Importance of finance cannot be over-emphasised. It is, indeed, the key to successful business operations. Without proper administration of finance, no business enterprise can reach its full potentials for growth and success. Money is a universal lubricant which keeps the enterprise dynamic-develops product, keeps men and machines at work, encourages management to make progress and creates values. The importance of financial administration can be discussed under the following heads (i) success of Promotion Depends on Financial Administration:- One of the most important reasons of failures of business promotions is a defective financial plan. If the plan adopted fails to provide sufficient capital to meet the requirement of fixed and fluctuating capital an particularly, the latter, or it fails to assume the obligations by the corporations without establishing earning power, the business cannot be carried on successfully. Hence sound financial plan is very necessary for the success of business enterprise. (ii) Smooth Running of an Enterprise:- Sound Financial planning is necessary for the smooth running of an enterprise. Money is to an enterprise, what oil is to an engine. As, Finance is required at each stage f an enterprise, i. e. promotion, incorporation, development, expansion and administration of day-to-day working etc. , proper administration of finance is very necessary. Proper financial administration means the study, analysis and evaluation of all financial problems to be faced by the management and to take proper decision with reference to the present circumstances in regard to the procurement and utilisation of funds. (iii) Financial Administration Co-ordinates Various Functional Activities:- Financial administration provides complete co-ordination between various functional areas such as marketing, production etc. o achieve the organisational goals. If financial management is defective, the efficiency of all other departments can, in no way, be maintained. For example, it is very necessary for the finance-department to provide finance for the purchase of raw materials and meting the other day-to-day expenses for the smooth running of the production unit. If financial department fails in its obligations, the Production and the sales will suffer and consequently, the income of the concern and the rate of profit on investment will also suffer. Thus Financial administration occupies a central place in the business organisation which controls and co-ordinates all other activities in the concern. (iv) Focal Point of Decision Making:- Almost, every decision in the business is take in the light of its profitability. Financial administration provides scientific analysis of all facts and figures through various financial tools, such as different financial statements, budgets etc. , which help in evaluating the profitability of the plan in the given circumstances, so that a proper decision can be taken to minimise the risk involved in the plan. v) Determinant of Business Success:- It has been recognised, even in India that the financial manger splay a very important role in the success of business organisation by advising the top management the solutions of the various financial problems as experts. They present important facts and figures regarding financial position an the performance of various functions of the company in a giv en period before the top management in such a way so as to make it easier for the top management to evaluate the progress of the company to amend suitably the principles and policies of the company. The financial manges assist the top management in its decision making process by suggesting the best possible alternative out of the various alternatives of the problem available. Hence, financial management helps the management at different level in taking financial decisions. (vi) Measure of Performance:- The performance of the firm can be measured by its financial results, i. e, by its size of earnings Riskiness and profitability are two major factors which jointly determine the value of the concern. Financial decisions which increase risks will decrease the value of the firm and on the to the hand, financial decisions which increase the profitability will increase value of the firm. Risk an profitability are two essential ingredients of a business concern. Conclusion:- In short Financial Management is very important for any business. If we want to fully use our money we have to implement financial management in our business . e can see the importance of financial management from success of promotion depends on financial administration, smooth running of an enterprise, focal point of decision making, financial administration co-ordinates various functional activities, determinant of business success, measure of performance.

Everything You Need to Know History of The Great Gatsby

Everything You Need to Know History of The Great Gatsby SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What exactly makes The Great Gatsby so â€Å"great?† Why did your English teacher choose this book in particular, when there are dozens of other great American novels from the twentieth century? Has it always been this popular? This article explains how The Great Gatsbynovel went from an unpopular flop during its time to a great American classic today, and how that history could affect your approach to the book. Read on to learn the story of The Great Gatsby’s unlikely path to fame, and why you should care. Why Does the Critical History of The Great GatsbyMatter? Understanding what helped Gatsby take hold as an American classic – its beautiful prose, the elusive Gatsby himself – can guide your approach to writing about the book. You’ll understand what the big picture ideas are and what your teacher is most likely trying to get at in teaching The Great Gatsby. As a general rule, if you’re reading Gatsby in a literature class, you’ll likely spend a lot of time analyzing itsliterary devices, symbols, and characters. But if you’re reading Gatsby in a history or American Studies class, you can expect to focus more on itsbig-picture themes(particularly its exploration of the American dream)and historical context (Gatsby as a record of the 1920s). Understanding Gatsby’s history could also help you if you’re approaching the novel from a more modern perspective.If you’re writing about the role of gender, sexuality, or race in the novel (as opposed to the tried-and-true American Dream topic), it's important to understand how these aspects of the novel were initially recieved. If nothing else, thishistory explains why you have been assigned The Great Gatsby in class! The GreatGatsby in the 1920s and 1930s The Great Gatsbynovel was first published in 1925, during the height of the Roaring ‘20s (the nickname for the post-WWIeconomic boom). Great Gatsby Composition History Gatsby was Fitzgerald’s third novel, and in writing it, he consciously set out to write something more artistic and creative than his previous two books. It took him about two and a half years to write and edit it, in between a failed play production, financial struggles, and a move to France. (See our short biography ofFitzgerald’s lifefor more.) Fitzgerald also didn’t like the title his publisher insisted on – his preferred title was â€Å"Trimalchio† or â€Å"Trimalchio in West Egg† (read our articleabout the title and alternate titlesof theGreat Gatsbyfor more info). But he was facing a deadline, and both his editor, Maxwell Perkins, and his wife, Zelda, were pushing him to finish. Great GatsbyReviews Gatsby debuted in March 1925 to lukewarm critical reviews. Many critics in the 1920s didn’t think The Great Gatsby was as good as Fitzgerald’s previous novels, especially his debut,This Side of Paradise. While he received private letters of praise from the writers T. S. Eliot, Willa Cather, and Edith Wharton, the public critical reviews were mixed at best. As quoted in a New York Times retrospective of The Great Gatsby, critics at the time were rather cold, saying that Gatsby was"clever and brilliantly surfaced but not the work of a wise and mature novelist." Other reviewers felt it was "a little slack, a little soft, more than a little artificial, [falling] into the class of negligible novels." The noted writer H. L. Mencken said that it was "certainly not to be put on the same shelf with, say, This Side of Paradise," and Isabel Paterson remarked that "what has never been alive cannot very well go on living; so this is a book for the season only." However, there were some positive reviews. The Los Angeles Times critic said, â€Å"Character could not be more skillfully revealed than it is here."The New York Times critic called it â€Å"A curious book, a mystical, glamorous story of today. It takes a deeper cut at life than hitherto has been enjoyed by Mr. Fitzgerald. He writes well - he always has - for he writes naturally, and his sense of form is becoming perfected.† The Great Gatsby:Commercial Failure However, despite those small bits of praise, the novel was not a commercial success. Fitzgerald hoped it would sell 75,000 copies, but it didn’t even sell 20,000 in its initial run. Thislack of success probablycontributed to Fitzgerald’s alcoholism and writer’s block after the publication of Gatsby (he didn’t publish Tender is the Night until 1934). While The GreatGatsby was kept alive by the publisher (Scribner) through the 1930s, and attracted a small literary following, it wasn’t widely read. (One interesting exception is J.D. Salinger, whose character, Buddy Glass, says Gatsby was his Tom Sawyer.) In 1934,Gatsby was reissued byThe Modern Library, a renowned publisher of classics, but was again dropped in 1939. Apparently, at the time ofFitzgerald’s death in 1940, Scribner had molderingcopies of the book in their warehouse. In short, during Fitzgerald’s life, Gatsby always fell just shy of â€Å"great† in the American public consciousness. Revival During WWII During WWII, the Red Cross started a program to send pocket-sized books to U.S. soldiers stationed abroad, as well as those being held in prison camps. The GreatGatsby was one of the books selected, and was consequently shipped to thousands of American soldiers during the war. By 1945, 123,000 pocket-sized copies of Gatsby had been shipped to American soldiers. The story of unrequited love and the failure of the American Dream resonated with the young men fighting abroad. This allowed the novelto suddenly become popular with a mass audience, and to get more attention from literary critics. In 1945, a new edition of The Great Gatsbywas published. In the introduction, Lionel Trilling wrote,â€Å"Fitzgerald is now beginning to take his place in our literary tradition.† It was also reprinted by Bantam Books. Full-length articles about Gatsby appeared in 1946. One literary critic, William Troy, said in an article that the novelwas â€Å"one of the few truly mythological creations in our recent literature,† which speaks to not only Gatsby’s growing acceptance in the literary canon, but also the sense critics had that there was something special about it. Throughout the 1950s,The Great Gatsbycontinued to grow in popularity and was the subject of a lot of literary criticism (a.k.a. writing about literature) – which is important because critical attention by professors and graduate students causedThe Great Gatsby to be placed on more college syllabi. This eventually trickled down to high school classes and caused Gatsby to become more and more popular each year. The 1960s - Present By the 1960s, The Great Gatsby was regarded as an American classic. The New York Times, in the retrospective piece mentioned above, confidently stated: â€Å"It is probably safe now to say that it is a classic of twentieth-century American fiction.† With the 1920s firmly in the past, the novel could be appreciated both as a reflection of that particular time period and a well-written character study of Gatsby and those surrounding him. (Perhaps readers and critics in the 1920s didn’t take kindly to the brutally honest portrayal of those decadent times.) The prose, symbolism, and relatively short length also made it a popular choice with English teachers and literature professors. Moreover, the timelessness of the novel's themes – the broken promise of the American Dream, doomed love – make it a consistently popular choice to be assigned very commonly both in high school and in college classes. Literary critics and writers have continued to find new angles and approaches to Gatsby in recent years. For example, one professor contends Jay Gatsby is actually part black, but passing as white, while Dana Goldstein and other feminist critics have come to Daisy Buchanan’s defense. Finally, in the twenty-first century, Gatsby’s continued popularity has made it a cultural touchstone. Search for â€Å"Gatsby† online and you’ll find dozens of pages about Gatsby-themed parties and costumes, as well as all sorts of articles about the recent (2013) film adaptation. So even though Gatsby wasn’t popular in its time, it has now become a classic book and a cultural touchstone. Further Reading NPR: How Gatsby Went From a Moldering Flop to a Great American Novel The New York Times: Gatsby at 35 Maureen Corrigan, So We Read On: How The Great Gatsby Came to Be and Why It Endures What’s Next? Check out our biography of F. Scott Fitzgeraldto learn more about where and how The GreatGatsby was written. Ready to jump in? Check out our guides to Gatsby’s title, its opening pages and epigraph, and the first chapter. Or,start with a summary of The Great Gatsby, along with links to all ourgreat articles analyzing this novel! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Is the constant vulnerability and pressure on the U.S. dollar a Dissertation

Is the constant vulnerability and pressure on the U.S. dollar a serious threat to American hegemony and unipolarity as a whole - Dissertation Example For example, in 1995 it was estimated that approximately fifty nine percent (59%) of the total global currency reserve was made up of US dollar (Global currency reserve 2013). In 1998, the US dollar constituted approximately sixty nine percent (69%) of the total global currency reserve, and in 1999 it constituted of approximately seventy one percent (71%) of the total global currency reserve. Global currency reserve (2013) further indicated that in the third quarter of 2012, the US dollar was estimated to constitute an approximate of 62 percent of the global currency reserve. The composition of the other competing currencies such as Euro, Japanese Yuan and Starling Pound are still insignificant when compared to that of the United States dollar (Global currency reserve 2013). For example, the second most commonly used international currency, the Euro, was estimated to constitute 24 percent of the total global currency reserve in the third quarter of 2012 (Global currency reserve 2013) . It has been argued by some economists such as Kirshnars (2012) that this constant fall of value and fluctuations of the United States of America dollar in global market has a serious threat to American hegemony and unipolarity as a whole. ... value of US dollar would deprive United States of America of enjoying the benefits of economic dominance such as ability to finance its trade related deficits. Other than Kirshnars, Clerk is another author who supported the opinion that United States of America will lose its economic and political hegemony as whole due to the current pressures and threats. Goldberg (2010) is another economist who suppported the above mentioned argument. Goldberg (2010) explained that the current pressure would affect international trade and economy of the United States of America as a whole. Even though the Kirshnars, Goldberg and Clerk tried to relate the strength of US dollar with the economic and political dominance of United States of America, the authors failed to explain how the United States rose to this dominance and factors that contributed towards this dominance. Also, the authors failed to explain why economic and political influences of some nations such as China are on the rapid rise reg ardless of the fact that their currencies remain insignificant in terms of global currency reserve. Due to the above mentioned weakness, my opinion as well as argument is contrary to those of Kirshnar, Clerk and Goldberg, and contrary to the argument that the constant vulnerability and pressure on the U.S. dollar may cause a serious threat to American hegemony and unipolarity as a whole. In this regard I am of the view that due to the strength and experience of the United States economy, it will not lose its hegemony as a whole but other contenders may arise such as China and emerging markets. This paper, therefore, aims at supporting the view that due to the strength and experience of the United States economy, it will not lose its hegemony as a whole but other contenders may arise such as